Europe faces an existential challenge, particularly France: they have been free-riding off US security guarantees, now must increase defense spending, and face a structural tax burden and lack of dynamic capital markets that will force difficult choices on spending and pensions that they haven't had to make before.
forecastpending
Speaker
Kenneth RogoffEvidence Quote
“I think this is a real existential challenge to the French state”
Source
Kenneth Rogoff on Monetary Moves, Fiscal Gambits, and Classical Chess | Conversations with Tyler— Mercatus CenterCreated: 8/11/2026, 7:10:38 AM
My Notes
Loading notes...